Most cows (8/12) had a normal rectal temperature on presentation but all cows had received antibiotic therapy at some time in the previous two weeks and six animals were receiving antibiotic treatment upon admission. Twelve cows, referred to the University of Edinburgh Veterinary School, were diagnosed with chronic suppurative pneumonia and enrolled into this prospective study to record and monitor lung sounds, ultrasonographic findings, and response to a standardised antibiotic treatment regimen. Simultaneous recording of sounds overlying normal lung and defined pathology allows critical assessment of auscultated sounds in the same animal removing confounding factors such as respiratory rate and thickness of the chest wall (body condition). Modern portable ultrasound machines provide the veterinary practitioner with an inexpensive, non-invasive tool with which to examine the pleural surfaces and superficial lung parenchyma. And that hard breathing through a narrow passageway is what creates the sound we know as wheezing.Auscultation is considered the critical component of the veterinary clinical examination for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease but the accuracy with which adventitious sounds reflect underlying lung pathology remains largely unproven. You have to work to breathe, especially to breath out. The problem with that is when your bronchioles are constricted and swollen and has mucus in them, that narrow little opening is hard to breathe through. When they're hyper-alert and they respond to something that's not truly dangerous. Asthma happens when your airways are hyper-responsive. And if it's still there, still irritating, mucus will begin to be secreted to be able again to capture and protect you from those toxins. Inflammatory stuff to help protect you from those toxins. If that toxic cloud is still there, to protect your delicate tissues deep in your lungs, swelling of the lining will happen. The first thing that will happen is the muscles around the bronchioles will tighten, will constrict down almost like a boa constrictor, and you get the tight airways. Now if you happen to walk into a cloud of something that's toxic, your body is going to respond instantly to try to protect you. And those bronchioles are where the wheezing happens. It's almost like a tree's branches branching out. And from there they break into a whole bunch of little, smaller bronchioles. When you breathe in, the air comes through your nose or mouth, through the big windpipe and breaks into 2 big bronchi, one into each lung. Well to understand that, first let's all take a deep breath together (inhales). Alan Greene and I want to talk with you for a moment about how to tell the difference, what causes wheezing anyway, and when is it healthy and when is it not. Wheezing can be a normal healthy response to an unhealthy environment. And that hard breathing through a narrow passageway is what creates the sound we know as wheezing.
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